Vomiting and diarrhea in children
Infection of the digestive system in children is a common disease which manifests itself with fever, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The professional term for this disease is diarrhea.
The causes are different viruses, bacteria and parasites. In children, however, often a viral infection caused by the rota and adenoviruses. By bacteria and salmonella are significant campylobacter.
Intestinal infections in children usually have samoizlječiv flow. After 1 to 2 days stops vomiting, and after 2 to 5 days the temperature drop and reduce the number of chairs. For a complete normalization takes 7 to 14 days.
Because of frequent watery stools and vomiting, and elevation of body temperature and sweating during disease can cause loss of fluids (dehydration) and electrolyte disturbances due to loss of sodium ions, potassium and chlorine. Such disorders are more common if children younger than 3 years, and if the disease is severe. In such cases it is sometimes necessary to place the child in the hospital for rehydration and electrolyte infusions and monitoring of the child.
No matter whether you are treating a patient spends at home or in the hospital must:
compensate for fluids and salt, and
provide adequate nutrition.
Antibiotics, probiotics, and medicinal charcoal is usually not necessary, and giving antiperistaltika (Seldiar) could be harmful.
The patient with diarrhea is contagious to the environment in his chair are pathogens. Until the transfer of pathogens from the stools of patients to the mouth of the person in the environment comes through direct contact (dirty hands), indirect contact (through objects, toys, etc..), Contaminated water and food.Therefore, it is necessary after each contact with the patient, wash your hands with soap, prevent transmission of pathogens indirect contact and to ensure a quality system of food and fluid.
Rehydration and nutrition during diarrhea
Rehydration may be carried out through the mouth or intravenous administration (infusion). In all cases where possible recommended rehydration by mouth and used a prepared solution containing electrolytes (sodium, potassium, etc.) and glucose. One such product is Rehidromiks, which is sold in powder form that can be prepared as a solution both at home and in the hospital.
At home, you can treat children who are dehydrated, which are slightly dehydrated and possibly those that are moderately dehydrated. All cases of severe dehydration, as well as those children who profuse vomiting and liquid repellant should be treated in hospital.
Rehydration should be compensated:
existing fluid retention and
further loss of liquid stool and vomiting.
Existing fluid losses reimbursed by mouth or intravenously in quantities of 50 to 100 ml / kg body weight, and for every chair should be compensated an additional 10 ml / kg body weight. After each vomiting should be given by 30 ml of fluid. The condition and performance of rehydration should be evaluated every 2 hours.
As soon as the child's normal hydration, proper diet should be started. Children who are on a natural diet (chest) should continue to breastfeed. Other children should start feeding after successful rehydration or after the establishment of normal hydration, which requires at least 4 hours.
Food that is allowed:
- Milk (cow's milk with small amounts of fat or soy, oat, etc.).
- Low-fat dairy products (yogurt, cheese)
- Rice
- Cereals
- Potatoes
- Bread
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Lean meat
Food is prepared by boiling.
Food that is not recommended:
- Fatty food
- Fruit juices
- Food and beverages with a simple sugar
Classic BRAT diet (bananas, toast, rice, grated apple) is not recommended due to lack of energy ingredients, proteins and fats.
The early introduction of nutritionally adequate calorie and nutrition can be transiently increased number of bowel movements, but it does not extend the duration of illness. Early feeding ensures the renewal of damaged intestinal mucosa and prevents the formation of malabsorption (inadequate absorption syndrome simple nutrients in the intestine).
Infection of the digestive system in children is a common disease which manifests itself with fever, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The professional term for this disease is diarrhea.
The causes are different viruses, bacteria and parasites. In children, however, often a viral infection caused by the rota and adenoviruses. By bacteria and salmonella are significant campylobacter.
Intestinal infections in children usually have samoizlječiv flow. After 1 to 2 days stops vomiting, and after 2 to 5 days the temperature drop and reduce the number of chairs. For a complete normalization takes 7 to 14 days.
Because of frequent watery stools and vomiting, and elevation of body temperature and sweating during disease can cause loss of fluids (dehydration) and electrolyte disturbances due to loss of sodium ions, potassium and chlorine. Such disorders are more common if children younger than 3 years, and if the disease is severe. In such cases it is sometimes necessary to place the child in the hospital for rehydration and electrolyte infusions and monitoring of the child.
No matter whether you are treating a patient spends at home or in the hospital must:
compensate for fluids and salt, and
provide adequate nutrition.
Antibiotics, probiotics, and medicinal charcoal is usually not necessary, and giving antiperistaltika (Seldiar) could be harmful.
The patient with diarrhea is contagious to the environment in his chair are pathogens. Until the transfer of pathogens from the stools of patients to the mouth of the person in the environment comes through direct contact (dirty hands), indirect contact (through objects, toys, etc..), Contaminated water and food.Therefore, it is necessary after each contact with the patient, wash your hands with soap, prevent transmission of pathogens indirect contact and to ensure a quality system of food and fluid.
Rehydration and nutrition during diarrhea
Rehydration may be carried out through the mouth or intravenous administration (infusion). In all cases where possible recommended rehydration by mouth and used a prepared solution containing electrolytes (sodium, potassium, etc.) and glucose. One such product is Rehidromiks, which is sold in powder form that can be prepared as a solution both at home and in the hospital.
At home, you can treat children who are dehydrated, which are slightly dehydrated and possibly those that are moderately dehydrated. All cases of severe dehydration, as well as those children who profuse vomiting and liquid repellant should be treated in hospital.
Rehydration should be compensated:
existing fluid retention and
further loss of liquid stool and vomiting.
Existing fluid losses reimbursed by mouth or intravenously in quantities of 50 to 100 ml / kg body weight, and for every chair should be compensated an additional 10 ml / kg body weight. After each vomiting should be given by 30 ml of fluid. The condition and performance of rehydration should be evaluated every 2 hours.
As soon as the child's normal hydration, proper diet should be started. Children who are on a natural diet (chest) should continue to breastfeed. Other children should start feeding after successful rehydration or after the establishment of normal hydration, which requires at least 4 hours.
Food that is allowed:
- Milk (cow's milk with small amounts of fat or soy, oat, etc.).
- Low-fat dairy products (yogurt, cheese)
- Rice
- Cereals
- Potatoes
- Bread
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Lean meat
Food is prepared by boiling.
Food that is not recommended:
- Fatty food
- Fruit juices
- Food and beverages with a simple sugar
Classic BRAT diet (bananas, toast, rice, grated apple) is not recommended due to lack of energy ingredients, proteins and fats.
The early introduction of nutritionally adequate calorie and nutrition can be transiently increased number of bowel movements, but it does not extend the duration of illness. Early feeding ensures the renewal of damaged intestinal mucosa and prevents the formation of malabsorption (inadequate absorption syndrome simple nutrients in the intestine).
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