Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also called eritroblastosis neonatorum, a condition in which red blood cells destroy the antibodies from the mother's blood, which are passed through the placenta (placenta).Hemolytic disease starts in fetuses in whom the disease is called eritroblastosis fetalis.
In many cases, severe hemolytic disease occurs when the fetus is Rh positive and the mother Rh negative blood. Fetal blood is positive, because it is inherited from the father, and inherited dominantly. Creating maternal antibody response to mismatched (intolerable) blood. These antibodies cross the placenta into the fetal bloodstream where coat and destroy the red blood cells of the fetus. Sometimes it other types of blood intolerance. This is the case when a mother has blood group 0, a fetus A or B. Among the rare intolerance are Kell and Duffy blood group. Severe anemia (anemia) resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn is treated like other anemia. Doctor monitored and the possible occurrence of jaundice, which is common because the hemoglobin from destroyed red blood cells into a bright yellow pigment called bilirubin. If the bilirubin in the body created faster than it can be excreted by the liver baby's skin turns yellow (jaundice or jaundice). Jaundice is easily treated by exposure to blue light, child, rarely, in the most severe cases can lead to brain damage
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, almost always with hepatitis B. In the United States it is usually the mother source of infection of the newborn. Usually the child is infected during birth, not during pregnancy because the virus hardly crosses the placenta. After the birth, the less the likelihood of infection from the mother.
Symptoms and diagnosis in the majority of infants infected with hepatitis B develop chronic inflammation of the liver (chronic hepatitis) in which there is usually no symptoms until young adulthood. However, the disease is dangerous, a quarter of infected will probably die due to liver disease. Sometimes a child may increase the liver, an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites), and elevated bilirubin in the blood causing jaundice. Prognosis and treatment of long-term prognosis is unknown. Infection with hepatitis B virus from newborns later increases the likelihood of liver disease, such as active hepatitis, cirrhosis or liver cancer. Pregnant women are regularly tested for the presence of hepatitis B. As a child infected mothers not normally infected by childbirth, giving him injections of hepatitis B immunoglobulin 24 hours after birth when the infection has not yet been confirmed. This process protects the child temporarily, and at the same time vaccination against hepatitis B, which provides long-term protection.seems to be feeding the child on the chest is not significantly higher risk of contracting hepatitis B, especially if the child has received the vaccine and immunoglobulins. However, if there is damage to the nipples or other breast disease, there is a likelihood of transmission of the virus to the baby. Newborn with chronic hepatitis with no symptoms of the disease is not treated. Infants with symptoms of hepatitis are provided supportive measures.
The term hyperbilirubinemia indicates abnormally high bilirubin levels. Old, damaged or abnormal red blood cells are removed from the circulation, mainly in the spleen. In this process of hemoglobin (the protein of red blood cells that carries oxygen) into a yellow pigment called bilirubin. Bilirubin circulation leads to the liver where it is chemically changed (conjugate) and so is excreted into the intestine as part of bile.
In most infants coming to the transient increase in bilirubin levels in the first few days of life, which makes the skin yellow (jaundice). In adults, the breakdown of bilirubin in the intestine performed bacteria normally found there. In newborns lack the bacteria and excreted in the faeces much bilirubin why she Light Yellow. Moreover, the newborn intestine is an enzyme that changes the bilirubin in this way to facilitate the re-absorption (reabsorption) in the blood and contributes to the development of jaundice.Increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood, jaundice becomes apparent, first on the face, then on his chest and then to his feet. Hyperbilirubinemia and visible jaundice usually disappear after the first week of life.Very high bilirubin levels are the result of increased production, scarce drainage or both. Sometimes, in healthy term infants in the natural diet (chest) during the first week, there's a growing appreciation of bilirubin in the blood, a condition known as jaundice lactation. The exact cause of this condition is not completely known. Lactation jaundice is usually harmless. If they become extremely high bilirubin can be applied to blue light. Hiperbihrubinemija usually of no consequence, but in some rare cases, very high values of bilirubin can cause brain damage. The condition is known as kernikterus, and is most common in very immature and ill premature infants. treatment of hyperbilirubinemia mild hyperbilirubinemia should not be treated. Frequent feeding in newborn accelerates intestinal transit by reducing the reabsorption of bilirubin from the intestine and thus its level in the blood. At higher values implemented phototherapy, in whom this procedure exposes the newborn blue light. Illumination child's skin occur due to chemical changes in molecules of bilirubin in the subcutaneous tissue. That changed bilirubin is excreted more easily without having to conjugate in the liver. If the bilirubin level is dangerously high blood newborn replaced by fresh (eksangvinotransfuzija which removes bilirubin). When jaundice lactation diet on breast rarely break at 1-2 days and only at extremely high bilirubin. Mother of the time regularly issues, so that the child can be put back on the chest, as bilirubin begin to fall. Returning to his chest poses no risk to the baby.
